Simultaneously improving the electrical properties and long-term stability of ZnO varistor ceramics by reversely manipulating intrinsic point defects

Excellent electrical properties and the improved long-term stability of ZnO varistor ceramics were simultaneously achieved by doping NiO. The microstructural features were investigated using X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy, while the intrinsic point defects were characterized using frequency domain dielectric spectroscopy and verified by photoluminescence and Raman spectra. The results indicated that in the ZnO varistor ceramics, a reverse manipulation of donor point defects, i.e., suppressing mobile zinc interstitial but increasing stable oxygen vacancy, was achieved. The long-term stability of NiO-doped ZnO ceramics was improved via a decrease in zinc interstitial density, with a degradation rate of 0.064 μA cm^?2 h^?0.5. Meanwhile, due to an increase in oxygen vacancy density, the excellent nonlinear current–voltage performance, i.e., a high nonlinear coefficient (72.9), low leakage current density (0.08 μA cm^?2), and low grain resistivity (13.43 × 10^?3 Ω m), was maintained. The findings of this study provide a possible method for developing high-performance ZnO varistor ceramics by manipulating point defects.     

变电站能效评估指标体系及建模方法

变电站在输送电能的过程中会产生大量能耗,变电站能效评估是进行电力系统能效提升的基础。首先,分析了变电站的能效及其影响因素;然后,从电气设备性能、系统运行状态、建筑结构性能和运行环境因素4个角度构建变电站能效评估指标体系,并给出指标计算模型;采用层次分析法(AHP)求取各能效指标权重,并利用灰色关联分析法对变电站进行能效综合评估;对实际变电站数据进行仿真分析,结果表明基于灰色AHP的变电站能效评估指标及模型能够有效反映变电站的能效水平。     

配电网网格化优化规划方法研究及应用

为解决常规配电网网格化规划方法中网格(单元)划分比较粗放、在一定投资约束下难以合理选取建设项目等问题,本文提出一种配电网网格化优化规划方法。首先构建诊断分析指标体系,对现状配电网进行评分,通过与一流配电网指标对比来诊断出配电网的薄弱环节;然后研究细化、可操作、闭环化管理的配电网供电网格(单元)划分方法,对供电网格(单元)进行差异化划分;然后研究配电网目标网架构建流程,根据典型接线模式、现状问题需求和未来发展需求,确定目标网架和过渡网架,并对目标网架、供电网格(单元)合理性进行校验;最后,研究项目优选计算方法,实现配电网投资效益的最大化。     

Improved dielectric energy storage performance of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-based lead-free relaxation ferroelectric ceramics achieved by domain structural regulation and enhanced densification

There is still a problem of low energy storage density in dielectric capacitors which is a core component of power systems. For the improvement of the energy storage density, the linear dielectric material CaTiO₃ (CT) was introduced in Na_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃ (NBT) ceramics in this paper. By modifying the A site, a new relaxor ferroelectric ceramic was successfully synthesized and attained a recoverable density (W_rec) of 2.34 J/cm³ at x = 0.18. Moreover, the preparation process was optimized in this paper. Through the viscous polymer process (VPP) route, the energy density (W_A) of 82NBT-18CT_VPP ceramic further reaches 6.45 J/cm³ at 340 kV/cm, with efficiency (η) up to 75% and a W_rec of 4.82 J/cm³. At the same time, the change of W_rec is small at temperature (30–150 °C) and frequency (1 Hz–300 Hz), which demonstrates its excellent stability. The discharge power density reaches about 180 MW/cm³ and the discharge time is 0.117 μs, which indicates its excellent pulse discharge performance. The results show that 82NBT-18CT lead-free relaxation ferroelectric material is expected to become ideal for high-energy storage applications.     

±800 kV换流站逆止阀扭转弹簧断裂原因分析

某±800 kV换流站换流阀内冷水系统主循环泵出口逆止阀内部扭转弹簧的弹簧臂发生断裂, 采用断口宏观检查、化学成分分析、硬度检测、扫描电镜分析、应力计算等手段, 对扭转弹簧断裂失效原因进行了分析。结果表明, 逆止阀内扭转弹簧失效的主要原因是疲劳断裂和摩擦磨损。扭转弹簧和逆止阀存在的设计缺陷也加速了弹簧失效: 在动负荷工作状态下扭转弹簧的局部最大弯曲应力达到许用弯曲应力, 容易引发弹簧发生疲劳断裂;逆止阀结构设计不合理, 加速弹簧臂摩擦磨损。     

基于转矩分析理论的功率振荡事故原因快速排查方法

电力系统功率振荡严重影响电力系统安全稳定运行,排查分析功率振荡事件发生的原因是避免类似功率振荡事件、提高电力系统安全稳定性能的前提条件。本文针对励磁系统异常导致功率振荡的情况,提出了一套快速排查方法,以一起电厂功率振荡事故的过程为例,应用基于转矩分析理论的功率振荡事故原因快速排查方法,确认了此次振荡事故的故障原因,为事故处理提供依据。     

湖南省峰谷分时电价分析及优化策略研究

针对湖南省电网执行峰谷分时电价存在的问题,结合湖南省实际情况,提出完善峰谷分时电价的策略。以规划综合大数据平台为基础,基于负荷需求弹性分析,综合考虑供电成本、用户用电成本、负荷优化目标等条件,通过研究电价价差调整原则,制定出不同时段的电价,根据电价的经济信号,引导各类用户合理用电,优化负荷特性,提升湖南电力系统运行效率和全社会资源利用效率。     

湖南省燃煤机组深度调峰问题分析及应对策略

总结湖南省燃煤机组深度调峰存在的主要问题,包括调峰能力缺乏统一评估、调峰运行安全问题以及调峰经济性问题,从调峰能力系统评估和调峰能力拓展优化两方面提出解决问题的技术方案。     

配电网数字共享应用中心建设探索与实践

针对湖南配电网运营监测、调度指挥等缺乏有效平台支撑的问题,为全方位提升配电网专业管理、调度水平,遵循企业中台技术路线、微服务框架原则,基于图模中心和数据中台,设计了一款共享型、平台型微应用群,即配电网数字共享应用中心。该平台全面推进了电网资源业务中台建设,同时给数据中台提供了一个直接面向配电网专业的消费平台,对公司配电网管理数字化转型具有重要意义。     

大型接地系统接地阻抗测量的引线互感分析

接地测量引线存在互感,严重影响大型接地系统接地阻抗测量结果的准确性。首先推导了任意布线形式接地测量的互感理论模型,并基于引线互感修正项的复镜像拟合实现了模型求解。与更正的穿透深度公式的对比结果表明,复镜像法求解互感的精度较高。研究了5D-0.618法、2D-30度夹角法、90度夹角法和反向法在不同引线长度和土壤电阻率情况下的互感数值规律。结果表明:5D-0.618法和2D-30度夹角法在大型接地系统的阻抗测量时互感导致结果偏大,需要进行互感校正;反向布线法互感为负值,其互感影响程度需要结合工程实际作评估。